Stavropol area. An ancient-geographical region regarding Russian Federation located in the main area of Subcaucasia, involving the Kuban River (and you can Kuban part) towards the western, new Terek region towards the the southern part of, the Wear part towards the northern, the fresh new Kalmyk Autonomous Republic to the northeast, and the places of the Caucasian slope peoples south and southwestern. Brand new Stavropol part generally corresponds during the territory towards previous Stavropol gubernia (within the 18611920 border, 59,five hundred sq km) in addition to later on Stavropol krai, quicker the fresh Karachai-Cherkess Autonomous oblast (66,five hundred sq km).
Physical geography. The major portion of the Stavropol part try occupied of the Stavropol Upland; the new lesser bit have elements of the Caspian Lowland in the east, this new Kuma-Manych Anxiety regarding northern, additionally the foothills of your Caucasus Mountains regarding the southwest. The brand new climate of Stavropol region are transitional, out of temperate continental throughout the western so you can drier and more continental on east. The greater of them range from the Yegorlyk (and therefore moves with the Manych), the new Kalaus, the newest Kuma, plus the Kuban and its top tributaries, this new Velykyi Zelenchuk in addition to Malyi Allemand belles femmes Zelenchuk (see Zelenchuk streams). River-water is utilized getting irrigation. Brief, primarily saline ponds abound; the biggest ‘s the narrow however, 160-km-enough time River Manych-Gudilo (Ukrainian: Manych-Hudylo).
However the centrally located Stavropol part stayed sparsely inhabited by nomadic Nogay Tatars (a beneficial Turkic-speaking individuals) and you may Kalmyk some body (an excellent Mongol-speaking category), just who to one another numbered throughout the 80,000
The brand new grounds from the west and central an element of the Stavropol part is actually certain chernozems and you can chestnut soils; with the eastern and you can northeast they feel white chestnut. The brand new absolute flowers as well as transform eastward that have decreasing moisture, out-of meadow fescuefeather grass steppe to dry fescuefeather turf steppe following semidesert flowers away from wormwood, lifeless fescue, and you may feather yard. Throughout the a lot more humid part of the Stavropol Upland along with the latest Caucasus mountain tops the fresh natural plants is tree-steppe that have oak-hornbeam-beech forest. Now both steppe together with tree-steppe are almost entirely eliminated for farming.
Record. In the mid-16th century the new Caucasus and Stavropol part started to started with the contact with Muscovite colonization. On the 16th and seventeenth many years Subcaucasia knowledgeable the latest origins regarding Cossack colonization (the fresh new Wear Cossacks about west and the Terek Cossacks from inside the the newest eastern). Caucasian hill peoples, the brand new Karachai and Cherkess, stayed in the newest mountain tops of your part.
Early in the brand new 18th century the Stavropol area nominally turned into the main Russian Kingdom. Permanent settlements, yet not, were not based till the last one-fourth of the century, when, into the 177780, the fresh Russian government founded a type of forts, new Mozdok-Azov range, with head office during the Stavropol, so you can support the Caucasian mountain individuals. From the 1785 brand new Stavropol area molded section of Caucasus oblast, which had been redesignated an effective gubernia into the 1802. Pursuing the several title transform it actually was appointed as the Stavropol gubernia for the 1847. Their limits had been finally repaired from inside the 1861, if it is actually split off Terek oblast. Compared to Kuban oblast and you can Terek oblast, Stavropol gubernia (given that 1898) was not part of Caucasus krai.
Before the 1930s the fresh Stavropol area was paid of the each other Ukrainians and you can Russians, and you may constituted a part of contiguous, albeit combined, Ukrainian ethnographic region
The Russian authorities promoted brand new rapid colonization of the Stavropol part so you’re able to establish a bottom to own military tips throughout the Caucasus. Element of one point was achieved by brand new giving of choice tracts away from home so you can Russian noblemen, who paid all of them with their serfs. A far more significant factor in colonization, yet not, is the newest spontaneous payment by state peasants who had been unimpeded because of the the main authorities. In reality the fresh new purple authorities legalized extant states towards ukase regarding 1804 and considering support to the people that has settled inside the Stavropol part. By the end of 1850s the populace away from Stavropol gubernia had risen up to 340,000 (5.5 individuals for each and every sq kilometer). The simply area, Stavropol, expanded from about 3,000 owners within the 1800 in order to 17,600 people when you look at the 1853. The quintessential densely settled components was basically the brand new steppes between your Yegorlyk plus the Kalaus canals and also the Kalaus River area. The populace away from Stavropol gubernia (together with Terek oblast) during the 1853 consisted of forty eight.seven percent Cossacks, thirty-two percent county peasants, sixteen.dos % nomadic herders, and step three.one percent serfs and others.